Native to the Mediterranean regions and northern Africa, cumin has been cultivated for thousands of years in the Middle East, India, China and the Mediterranean. Cumin is one of the most consumed spices in the world.
Cumin is a drought tolerant and grows best in warm, dry climates. Ideal temperatures for growing cumin is between 77°F to 86°F. Depending on the location, cumin has a growing season of 3 to 4 months. The plant produces small white or pink flowers and dark green seed pods. The seeds are harvested when the plant starts to wilt and the seed pods changes from dark green to brownish yellow.
India has been the largest producer of cumin with around 75% of the total crop produced, followed by Syria, Turkey, Iran, and China.
Cumin is used to in various curry powders and spice blends to flavor dishes in India, Middle East, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain. Cumin adds nutty and spicy taste to the grilled meat, soups and stews, sausages, pickles, and rice and bean dishes. It is also used to make liqueur - an alcoholic drink consumed after meal. Oil of cumin is used in fragrances.
Cumin can be used as whole seed or in powdered form that are easily available in grocery stores or can be made at home by grinding the cumin seeds. Many people prefer to buy cumin seeds over powder because seeds last longer at room temperature and it’s very easy to ground cumin seeds into powder.
Cumin seeds last for about an year whereas cumin powder lasts for about six months at room temperature. Store the cumin seeds or powder in a tight lid jar in a cool, dark, and dry place. If you do not use it often in your cooking then keep the seeds or powder in the freezer to last up to 2 years.
In addition to adding flavor to the dishes, cumin helps in digestion and digestive problems. The essential oil in cumin activates the salivary glands in mouth that helps in primary digestion of food. The presence of essential oil, sodium, and magnesium in cumin provides relief from stomach aches. The essential oil in cumin also relieves stress and anxiety and helps inducing sleep. Presence of caffeine in combination with essential oil loosen up and eliminate mucus and phlegm in respiratory tract, which help to heal the initial condition leading to respiratory disorders such as asthma.
Packaged cumin seeds are available in Indian and South Asian grocery stores. Some of the popular brands of cumin seeds are SWAD, Frontier, Deep, and Nirav. You may also find it in supermarkets or gourmet markets. It is available at online grocery stores such as
amazon.com, where you will be able to choose from several brands.