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Ginger
Native to Southeastern Asia, Ginger is popularly used as a spice and medicine in both eastern and western cultures. Ginger was used by ancient Romans and later, after the fall of Roman Empire, was traded in Europe by Arabs who took over the spice trade. Ginger became very expensive like other spices, and in medieval times, was traded in preserved form to make sweet treats.

For many years, ginger has been used to flavor a wide variety of food, from meats and sausages to fish and vegetables, and various curries as well as drinks and desserts. Fresh ginger can be used as sliced, crushed, or as paste.

Ginger has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; therefore, it’s used in traditional medicine to cure a variety of ailments, such as, gastrointestinal distress, motion sickness, arthritis, and cold and flu. Cooking food with small quantity of ginger on a regular basis also adds to health benefits.

The distinct flavor and medicinal property of ginger comes from gingerols, shogaols, and zingerone. Fresh ginger contains gingerol an anti-inflammatory compound that is believed to help in reducing osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis pain, if consumed on a regular basis. It may also prevent growth of certain cancer. Gingerol is transformed into shogaols when dried and cooked. Also, when ginger is cooked gingerol and shogaols is transformed into zingerone. Due to the presence of zingerone, food cooked with ginger has a sweet and spicy flavor. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of zingerone help in prevention and cure of many medical problems. Dry ginger alone has strong flavor due to shogaols used in many medicines as well as compliments cookies, cakes, and candies recipes, and tea and drinks.

In addition to the use for culinary and medicinal purposes, ginger is also used to fragrance many soaps and cosmetics.

Ginger is sold in many forms in supermarkets, such as fresh, dried, powdered, preserved, crystallized, and as oil. You will find ginger paste, a popular way of using ginger to make curries in Asian countries, in Asian and South Asian grocery stores. Be sure to use ginger in the recipe in the form it’s advised. For example, if a recipe calls for fresh ginger, it cannot be replaced with dry or powdered or other types. Each form of ginger has a distinct taste and different purpose.

Ginger is best stored as whole and unpeeled in a sealed plastic bag in refrigerator. If part of the ginger has been cut or peeled, be sure to dry it before storing. Other forms of ginger are mainly packaged and need to be stored as per instructions by the seller.
Turmeric Powder
Turmeric powder is a bright and deep yellow colored powder made by grinding dried underground stems of turmeric, which is starchy in nature. In India and some of its neighboring countries, turmeric in stem or powdered form has been used to color skin and clothing and to add color and aroma to food. It is also used as a pious powder during festivals and marriage ceremonies. In other parts of the world, turmeric is mainly used to add color and aroma to food. Turmeric has pungent and bitter taste but musky and mild fragrance.

Turmeric powder is made by steaming or boiling the underground stems in slightly alkaline water (measures above 7.0 on the pH scale) to precook the starch in turmeric. The alkaline water also improves the color of turmeric. Boiled turmeric stems are sun-dried and ground to make powder.

Turmeric powder is mainly used in curries, stir fried dishes, and dry rubs. It is also used in some spicy salad dressing and smoothies and drinks.

The compound called curcuminoids in turmeric is responsible for its yellow color and has antioxidant and preservative properties. Due to its antioxidant properties, use of turmeric in food helps prevent certain type of cancer, lowers cholesterol, lowers the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and protects from Alzheimer’s disease. Due to its preservative property, use of turmeric in food helps in extending the shelf-life of food.

Turmeric has also been used in Indian and Chinese system of medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat various conditions such as toothache, bruises, chest pain, and digestion problems. In addition, turmeric contains very good amounts of minerals like iron, calcium, potassium, manganese, zinc, copper, and magnesium.

Store turmeric powder in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dark, and dry place. At room temperature, turmeric powder will taste fresh for 4 to 6 months. Refrigerate it for a longer shelf-life of up to 2 years.

Turmeric powder is available in Indian and South Asian grocery stores. Some of the popular brands of turmeric powder are Nirav, Deep, SWAD, Spicy World, and Jiva. You may also find it in supermarkets or gourmet markets. It is available at online grocery stores such as amazon.com, where you will be able to choose from several brands.
Cumin Powder
Native to the Mediterranean regions and northern Africa, cumin has been cultivated for thousands of years in the Middle East, India, China and the Mediterranean. Cumin is one of the most consumed spices in the world.

Cumin is a drought tolerant and grows best in warm, dry climates. Ideal temperatures for growing cumin is between 77°F to 86°F. Depending on the location, cumin has a growing season of 3 to 4 months. The plant produces small white or pink flowers and dark green seed pods. The seeds are harvested when the plant starts to wilt and the seed pods changes from dark green to brownish yellow.

India has been the largest producer of cumin with around 75% of the total crop produced, followed by Syria, Turkey, Iran, and China.

Cumin is used to in various curry powders and spice blends to flavor dishes in India, Middle East, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain. Cumin adds nutty and spicy taste to the grilled meat, soups and stews, sausages, pickles, and rice and bean dishes. It is also used to make liqueur - an alcoholic drink consumed after meal. Oil of cumin is used in fragrances.

Cumin can be used as whole seed or in powdered form that are easily available in grocery stores or can be made at home by grinding the cumin seeds. To make cumin powder at home:

  • Either dry the cumin seeds in sun for a couple of days or slightly roast the seeds without oil in a pan. Roasting the seeds before grinding enhances the taste and aroma of the coriander powder. Also, drying in sun or roasting removes moisture from the seeds and adds crispness, which helps in powdering the seeds.

  • Let the seeds cool and then grind them in a spice grinder. You can also use a coffee grinder for grinding spices; however it’s not recommended to use the same grinder for grinding spices and coffee.

  • Store cumin powder in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dark, and dry place. If you are making cumin powder at home, cool it down before storing. It usually last for 4-6 months at room temperature. Refrigerate it for a longer shelf life of 18-24 months.

In addition to adding flavor to the dishes, cumin helps in digestion and digestive problems. The essential oil in cumin activates the salivary glands in mouth that helps in primary digestion of food. The presence of essential oil, sodium, and magnesium in cumin provides relief from stomach aches. The essential oil in cumin also relieves stress and anxiety and helps inducing sleep. Presence of caffeine in combination with essential oil loosen up and eliminate mucus and phlegm in respiratory tract, which help to heal the initial condition leading to respiratory disorders such as asthma.

Cumin seeds last for about an year whereas cumin powder lasts for about six months at room temperature. Store the cumin seeds or powder in a tight lid jar in a cool, dark, and dry place. If you do not use it often in your cooking then keep the seeds or powder in the freezer to last up to 2 years.

Cumin powder is available in Indian and South Asian grocery stores. Some of the popular brands of cumin powder are Nirav, Deep, SWAD, Spicy World, and Jiva. You may also find it in supermarkets or gourmet markets. It is also available at online grocery stores such as amazon.com, where you will be able to choose from several brands.
Garam Masala Powder
An authentic garam masala is a collection of four spices either in whole or powdered form. The four spices, green cardamom, black cardamom, clove, and cinnamon stick added in the right proportion enhances the flavor and aroma of the dishes. The word ‘garam’ means warm or hot and ‘masala’ means spice; however, garam masala does not mean that the spices are hot. It means that the spices raise your body temperature by increasing the metabolism. The taste of garam masala in food is intense (not hot) yet pleasant.

Either in whole or powdered form, it is an essential ingredient in many Indian and South Asian cuisine. The whole garam masala is usually added to the hot oil before other ingredients to release its flavor to the oil. On the other hand, the garam masala powder is added to the dishes with other powdered spices while cooking or just for seasoning the dishes toward the end of the cooking. Garam masala is used to flavor a variety of curries, stews, and soups and marinades and rubs for barbecue. Green cardamom, cinnamon, and clove are used to flavor a wide range of desserts.

Readymade garam masala powder is available in Indian or South Asian grocery stores or gourmet markets. However, the readymade masala contains several ingredients in addition to the four basic spices, which makes it not taste exactly like the authentic garam masala. I have tried it once and decided to make my own at home. It tastes good, but does not taste like real garam masala. However, you can go ahead and try to see if you like it.

There are two methods to make garam masala powder at home:

Method 1:

Most grocery stores that sell Indian or South Asian spices, also sell powdered green cardamom, cinnamon, and clove individually in small packets. Go ahead and buy the spices powder and mix them at home in the proportion listed below:

Black Cardamom Powder - 2 tablespoon
Cinnamon Powder – 1 tablespoon
Green Cardamom Powder – 1/2 tablespoon
Clove Powder – 1/2 tablespoon

The above ingredients mixed together will make ½ cup (4 ounces) garam masala powder.

Method 2:

This is the tradition method of making garam masala at home by roasting and grinding the whole garam masala as follows:

Whole black cardamom pods – 6 (Use whole, not shelled)
Whole cinnamon sticks – 5 (3 inches long)
Whole green cardamom pods – 10 (Use whole, not shelled)
Whole cloves - 12

Since we are using whole cardamom pods with shell, the above ingredients together after grinding will make a little more than ½ cup garam masala powder.

Slightly roast or warm the above listed whole spices for about 2-3 minutes and let it cool. Then grind them together in a spice grinder or a coffee grinder designated for grinding spices only. Roasting or warming the spices adds crispness and intensifies the flavor and aroma of the spices. Cool the powdered garam masala before storing.

Store the masala powder in a tight lid jar in a cool, dark, and dry place. It will last for about six months at room temperature. If you do not use it often in your cooking then keep it in the freezer to last up to 2 years.

In addition to the adding wonderful flavor and aroma to the food, garam masala helps in boosting metabolism and promoting weight loss. It helps in absorbing nutrients and lowering blood sugar. It also helps in detoxification.

You can buy whole or powdered garam masala at any Indian or South Asian grocery store or gourmet markets. It is available at online grocery stores such as amazon.com. Type the name of garam masala spice you want to buy on search bar, you will be able to choose from several brands.
Black Pepper Powder
Water
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Frozen or Fresh Peas
Native to north africa, western asia, and middle east, peas were first cultivated in middle east about 10,000 years ago. Gradually, pea cultivation spread out to Europe and East and South Asia. Today, peas are commercially cultivated worldwide. Canada is the largest producer and exporter of peas. Canada produces about 3 million tons of peas annually.

Pea plant needs temperature below 81 degrees Fahrenheit or 27 degrees Celsius to grow and can endure temperatures at freezing point or below. Therefore, in the places that are hot in summer, pea are planted in the fall to grow through the winter whereas in the places with mild or cool summer, peas are planted during spring to grow through the summer.

There are three types of peas to chose from:

Garden Peas - Garden peas are small and round green ball that are hard and fibrous. The peas completely fill the pods when fully grown. This variety of peas need to be shelled before eating as the pods are hard and non edible. These are the traditional variety of peas, also called english peas or shelling peas (as they must be shelled to be eaten). Garden peas can be eaten straight out of pods and do not required to be cooked. Consume garden peas with 5 days of harvesting as they do not store well longer. Garden peas are the most nutritious variety of peas.

Snow Peas - Snow peas, also known as sugar peas, have flat pods and small peas. Both the pods and the peas inside are sweet and edible. The snow peas can be eaten raw or stir fried. It’s very popular in chinese stir fried dishes.

Snap Peas - Snap peas are cross between garden and sugar peas.The peas fill the pods a little bit and the pods are plump and round like garden peas; however, the pods are sweet and edible like sugar peas. These can be eaten raw or stir fried.

Peas are used as vegetable in the fresh, frozen, or canned form. Ripe dried peas are consumed whole, split, or made into flour. Peas can be used in salad, as a part of side dish, in curry-based dishes, or in soups.

Peas are low in calories and excellent source of B vitamins that helps promote a healthy metabolism and reduces the risk of Alzheimer's and heart stroke. protein and also contain iron and zinc. Peas are also a good source of protein and certain minerals such as calcium, iron, copper, and zinc. Consumption of peas on a regular basis help lower cholesterol and support strong bones.
Onion
Most researchers agree that onion has been cultivated for 5000 years or more, and they were first grown in central Asia. Others suggest that onions were first grown in Iran and western Pakistan. Onions can be grown in a variety of soils and climates and are less perishable; therefore, it is believed that they were domesticated simultaneously all over the world. It is interesting to know that Egyptians worshiped onions and believed that concentric rings of onions symbolize eternal life.

Due to pungent taste and smell, humans started onions to protect their plants from animals and insects. The strong flavor of onions comes from sulphur compounds, which onion plants absorb from soil when growing. When an onion is cut, certain enzyme breaks out producing strong sulphurous smell.

Cooking alters the strong and pungent taste of onions into meaty taste that adds flavor to various dishes in many cultures. Onions are also eaten in raw form to garnish many dishes. Cut onions can be rinsed properly to remove sulphur, when eaten raw. You can also put the onions in the freezer for 20-30 minutes to minimize the release of sulphurous smell and taste.

The sulphur compounds, flavonoids (antioxidants), and fructans (small carbohydrate molecules) help prevent cancer, stomach ulcer, and reduce symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Whole dry onions should be stored at room temperature at dry place with proper ventilation. Do not store onions in closed plastic bags. Netted or punched bags are best to store whole onions for better ventilation, and last upto 4 weeks. Cut onions needs to be refrigerated. Cut onions stored in a sealed container can last up to a week.
Garlic Clove
Coriander Powder
Coriander, also known as cilantro and Chinese parsley, is an herb native to Southeastern Europe and is cultivated in Egypt, Middle East, China, India, and Turkey. Coriander powder is made by grinding the dried or roasted seeds of coriander plant. The seeds are small (2-3 mm long), oval in shape, and light brown in color. Coriander powder provides mild-nutty flavor and aroma to many savory and sweet dishes.

Due to its mild-nutty taste and aroma, coriander powder is an essential ingredient in many vegetable and meat curry preparations and barbecue rubs and sauces. It is also added to waffle and pancake mixes and dessert sauces for an enhanced taste.

The presence of coriander powder in food stimulates the taste buds and helps digestion. Including coriander in your diet has many health benefits. It is a great source of potassium, iron, vitamin A, K and C, folic acid, magnesium, and calcium. It is a good source of antioxidants and helps detoxify the body.

Coriander powder is easily available in grocery stores or can be made at home by grinding the coriander seeds. To make coriander powder at home:
  • Either dry the coriander seeds in sun for a couple of days or slightly roast the seeds without oil in a pan. Roasting the seeds before grinding enhances the taste and aroma of the coriander powder. Also, drying in sun or roasting removes moisture from the seeds and adds crispness, which helps in powdering the seeds.

  • Let the seeds cool and then grind them in a spice grinder. You can also use a coffee grinder for grinding spices; however it’s not recommended to use the same grinder for grinding spices and coffee.

  • Store coriander powder in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dark, and dry place. If you are making coriander powder at home, cool it down before storing. It usually last for 4-6 months at room temperature. Refrigerate it for a longer shelf life of 18-24 months.
Coriander powder is available in Indian and South Asian grocery stores. Some of the popular brands of coriander powder are Nirav, Deep, SWAD, Spicy World, and Jiva. You may also find it in supermarkets or gourmet markets. It is available at online grocery stores such as amazon.com, where you will be able to choose from several brands.
Red Chili Powder
Red chili powder is made by grinding dried deep red-brown thai chili peppers. Native to central and South America, red thai chili peppers were introduced to South Asia in 1500s and now India is the largest producer of these peppers in the world. Either in powdered or whole form, the chili peppers are used to add extra heat and spiciness to the dishes, which is due to the presence of a compound called capsaicin.

Red chili powder is a widely used spice for preparing a variety of curries, soups, stews, marinades, sauces, and dry rubs for barbecue. It is also used to flavor some sweet dishes such as cakes, brownies, truffles, and chocolates.

Red chili powder is a healthy seasoning. It contains significant amount of vitamin A and C, and beta carotenoids (a red-orange pigment that acts as an antioxidant and converts into vitamin A). It also helps to detoxify our body.

When purchasing red chili powder at store, look for the bright red colored powder for best taste. For making red chili powder at home:
  • Buy dry (not fresh) whole red thai chili peppers and remove the stems.

  • Further dry the chili peppers in sun for a couple of days or slightly roast them for 2-3 minutes, without oil in a pan. Drying or roasting removes moisture from the chili peppers and adds extra crispness, which is required to powder them. Roasting the chili peppers enhances its flavor and aroma.

  • Let the dried or roasted chili peppers cool down and then grind to a fine powder in a spice grinder. You can also use a coffee grinder for this purpose; however, the coffee grinder should be used for grinding spices only. It is not advisable to use the same grinder for spices and coffee.
Store red chili powder in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dark, and dry place. If you are making the powder at home, cool it down before storing. Like most of the powdered spices, red chili powder lasts for 4-6 months at room temperature. It will last for about 18-24 months when refrigerated or kept in the freezer.

Red chili powder is available in Indian and South Asian grocery stores. Some of the popular brands of red chili powder are Nirav, Deep, SWAD, Spicy World, and Everest. You may also find it in supermarkets or gourmet markets. It is available at online grocery stores such as amazon.com, where you will be able to choose from several brands.
Chaat Masala
Chaat masala is a blend of certain spices that provides extra spiciness and tanginess to the savory dishes. It contains some basic spices found in every South Asian kitchen, such as coriander, cumin, and black pepper as well as some ingredients that are not commonly used, such as dried powdered mint, black salt, dried ginger powder, and dried mango powder. These spices, when blended together, create a distinctive flavor.

Chaat masala is very popular in the cuisines of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It is used in a small quantity, along with other spices, to add more flavor to savory vegetarian dishes and marinades. You can sprinkle chaat masala on salad, lemonade, or even fruits for added zing.

You can buy kebab masala at Indian or South Asian grocery stores. The most popular brands of kebab masala are Shan, Everest, and MDH. It is also available at online grocery stores such as amazon.com.
Chaat masala is a blend of certain spices that provides extra spiciness and tanginess to the savory dishes. It contains some basic spices found in every South Asian kitchen, such as coriander, cumin, and black pepper as well as some ingredients that are not commonly used, such as dried powdered mint, black salt, dried ginger powder, and dried mango powder. These spices, when blended together, create a distinctive flavor.

Chaat masala is very popular in the cuisines of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. It is used in a small quantity, along with other spices, to add more flavor to savory vegetarian dishes and marinades. You can sprinkle chaat masala on salad, lemonade, or even fruits for added zing.

You can buy kebab masala at Indian or South Asian grocery stores. The most popular brands of kebab masala are Shan, Everest, and MDH. It is also available at online grocery stores such as amazon.com.
Salt
Salt is a mineral composed of a chemical compound called sodium chloride. It is essential for human body to regulate fluid balance and to control function of nerves and muscles. Human body cannot produce its own salt and depends on various sources of salt in food for necessary daily intake.

In addition to being just a diet supplement, salt helps in extracting the real flavors of savory as well as sweet dishes. No other seasoning has been found so fulfilling to replace salt. However, the overuse of salt results into a lot of health problems, such as hypertension, heart disease, and strokes. Use salt mildly in your food to you can enjoy its goodness.

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